Genes and memes are the fundamental units of biological and cultural transmission respectively. Genes, encoded in DNA, are passed down from parents to offsprings through the process of reproduction. This transmission is vertical and ensures that the typical traits of the last generation can be inherited directly by the next one. Memes, in contrast, are ideas or behaviors that spread within a culture through certain special medium, such as communication, imitation, and other forms of social interaction, characterizing horizontal transmission.

According to Daniel Dennett, the fidelity of gene transmission is largely due to the precise mechanisms of cell division and sexual reproduction, which replicate genetic sequences constantly. Memes, however, thrive on adaptability. They gain their popularity and evolution as they pass from person to person, adapting to various contexts and different environment. Their flexibility allows them to be spread easily and widely, without being obstructed by geographical or cultural boundaries.

While vertical transmission is a highly controlled and sometimes predictable process, horizontal transmission is dynamic and changing all the time. The characteristics of memes make them spread like wildfire, reaching and being accepted by a vast audience in a short period.

The transmission of genes and memes reveals the complexity of information transfer in certain systems. But both play crucial roles in shaping individuals and societies at the end of the day.